膜生物反应器运行中的膜污染问题

这了各国研究者针对膜生物反应器中的膜污染问题所作的工作，认为膜本身的性质以及废水组成和工艺条件都是造成膜污染的主要原因，利用反冲洗和清洗手段，可以有效地改善膜的性能，以提高膜的寿命，膜生物反应器技术的改进是避免膜污染的新思路。     

厚覆盖区1：25万区域地质调查工作方法研究

通过1：25万杭州市幅厚覆盖区第四纪研究和填图实践，初步总结出“以气候旋回及基准面旋回等时性理论为基础，从古气候旋回宏观识别标志研究人手，以标准孔为基准点外延扩展，在反复认识与验证的基础上，进行层序地层划分，建立剖面等时格架，制作高精度对比的剖面图及准瞬时岩相古地理图”的研究方法，以及“从古岸线沉积物研究人手，充分运用非正式岩石地层单位的表示方法，结合考古及地方志，填绘出具岩石空间分布、海平面升降信息、古文化遗址、浅表含水层展布及河流与海岸线变迁”的非常规填图方法。提高了本区第四纪地层研究精度，使地质图具有强烈的地区特色。拓宽了区调工作的服务领域。并为沿海厚覆盖区的区域地质调查另辟了一条新思路。     

Life cycle analysis and choice of natural gas-based automotive alternative fuels in Chongqing Municipality,China

Road transport produces significant amounts of emissions by using crude oil as the primary energy source. A reduction of emissions can be achieved by implementing alternative fuel chains. The objective of this study is to carry out an economic, environmental and energy (EEE) life cycle study on natural gas-based automotive fuels with conventional gasoline in an abundant region of China. A set of indices of four fuels/vehicle systems on the basis of life cycle are assessed in terms of impact of EEE, in which natural gas produces compressed natural gas (CNG), methanol, dimethylether (DME) and Fischer Tropsch diesel (FTD). The study included fuel production, vehicle production, vehicle operation, infrastructure and vehicle end of life as a system for each fuel/vehicle system. A generic gasoline fueled car is used as a baseline. Data have been reviewed and modified based on the best knowledge available to Chongqing local sources. Results indicated that when we could not change electric and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles into commercial vehicles on a large scale, direct use of CNG in a dedicated or bi-fuel vehicle is an economical choice for the region which is most energy efficient and more environmental friendly. The study can be used to support decisions on how natural gas resources can best be utilized as a fuel/energy resource for automobiles, and what issues need to be resolved in Chongqing. The models and approaches for this study can be applied to other regions of China as long as all the assumptions are well defined and modified to find a substitute automotive energy source and establish an energy policy in a specific region.     

北京市机动车行驶周期的建立方法研究

提出了一种北京市机动车行驶周期的建立方法。行驶周期的确定是建立在准确的行驶工况数据之上的，通过结合使用GPS与OEM两种先进的技术，收集机动车行驶工况数据，为北京市行驶周期的建立提供了新的方法。并通过初步的实路测量试验得到了一个北京市的简易机动车行驶周期，最后与国外的一些著名行驶周期作了对比。     

我国可持续设计及其实践的探讨

可持续设计超越了传统设计和生态设计，要求平衡经济、环境、社会３方面的发展需要，在可持续设计的基本工具产品生命周期评价尚需进一步发展的同时，建立适当的设计准则是当前发展可持续设计的可行途径。     

基于资源最优化回收的再制造工程

从对寿命末端产品的处理选择分析出发，建立了末端产品回收梯级模型，提出基于最优化产品末端回收选择的再制造工程回收的附加值最大，环境污染最小，综合效益最高，并分析了再制造在产品全寿命周期各阶段所发挥的重要作用。     

宁夏盐池县社会经济与环境协调发展的策略分析

本文通过分析宁夏盐池县的自然条件、自然资源以及社会经济发展与环境的关系,应用权图影响结构模型对该县社会经济与环境系统进行了定量的分析与研究。建立了7个模型,并通过预测、比较实施不同发展策略后各模型的系统状态,找出了使系统优化运行的灵敏调控点,分析了各分项调整策略之间相互制约、相互促进的关系,提出了使该县社会经济与环境协调发展的策略。     

加速寿命试验与高加速寿命试验的比较分析

介绍了加速寿命试验、高加速寿命试验的基本概念、原理,从试验目的、试验方法、试验时间等方面对加速寿命试验和高加速寿命试验进行了比较,说明它们有不同的应用时机和范围.加速寿命试验、高加速寿命试验都是卓越的加速环境试验技术,也是可靠性试验领域的两个主要发展方向.     

You Are What You Eat: Genetically Modified Foods, Integrity, and Society

Thus far, the moral debateconcerning genetically modified foods (GMF) hasfocused on extrinsic consequentialist questionsabout the health effects, environmental impacts,and economic benefits of such foods. Thisextrinsic approach to the morality of GMF isdependent on unsubstantiated empirical claimsand fails to account for the intrinsic moralvalue of food and food choice and theirconnection to the agent's concept of the goodlife. I develop a set of objections to GMFgrounded in the concept of integrity andmaintain that food and food choice can beintimately connected to the agent's personalintegrity. I argue that due to the constitutionof GMF and the manner in which they areproduced, such foods are incompatible with thefundamental values and integrity of certainindividual moral agents or groups. I identifythree types of integrity that are threatened byGMF: religious, consumer, and integrity basedon certain other moral or metaphysical grounds.I maintain that these types of integrity aresufficiently important to provide justificationfor political and societal actions to protectthe interests of those affected. I conclude byproposing specific steps for handling GMFconsistent with the moral principles ofinformed consent, non-maleficence, and respectfor the integrity of all members of society.They include mandatory labeling of GMF, theimplementation of a system for control andregulations concerning such foods, andguaranteed provision of conventional foods.     

生活事件分析法在煤矿企业中的应用

我国煤矿一再的发生事故,绝大部分原因是人为失误.根据人为失误的发生机理,本文提出了生活事件分析方法,并研制了其配套应用程序,对某煤矿企业的人因事故危险性进行了实际评价.该方法可方便地应用于煤矿企业人为事故的预防工作中.